Is there such a thing as objective truth, that is, can human ideas
have a content that does not depend on a subject, that does not depend either
on human being or on humanity? If so, can human ideas, which gives expression
to objective truth, express it all, at one time, as a whole, unconditionally,
absolutely, or only approximately, relatively? This… question is a question of
the relation of absolute truth to relative truth. Relative truth is an
incomplete correspondence of knowledge to reality; knowledge that would be
specified and adjusted in further cognition. In the broad sense of the word,
complete correspondence of knowledge to reality, exhaustive cognition of the
world. Science strives for such knowledge in the narrow sense
of the world – statements and facts; knowledge of individual trends,
connections and laws; that content of relative truths which do not change in
the process of further cognition.
One forms of motion develops
from another.
Lower forms of motion
integrated into higher ones.
The higher form of motion is a new
quality, not merely a sum total of lower one.
A soviet Publication, 'The Fundamentals of dialectics' declare that,
"The self contradictoriness of matter in motion is manifested in the
contradictoriness of all phenomenon of nature and
society and also in thought. Contradictions found everywhere; they are
universal in nature. This is borne out by scientific data and by people's life
experience itself. In organic nature, contradictions are manifest in the
relations between particles and antiparticles, between substance and field,
attraction and repulsion, between positive and negative electric charges, waves
and particles (corpuscles), action and counteraction, the association and
disassociation of atoms, oxidizing and restoration processes, absorption and
adsorption, endogenous and exogenous processes, etc."
Lenin says, "Firstly, if we are to have a true knowledge of an
object we must look at and examine all its facets, its connections and 'mediacies'. That is something we cannot ever hope to
achieve completely, but the rule of comprehensiveness is a safeguard against
mistakes and rigidity. Secondly, dialectical logic requires that an object
should take in development, in change, in 'self-movement'... Thirdly, a full
'definition' of an object must include the whole of human experience, both as
criterion of truth and a practical indicator of its connection with human
wants. Fourthly, dialectical logic holds that "Truth is always concrete,
never abstract"..." Lenin also says, "In brief, dialectics can
be defined as the doctrine of the unity of opposites. This embodies the essence
of dialectics”.
Fredric Engles says, "But this way of viewing things, is not a
doctrine but a method. It does not provide ready-made dogmas, but criteria for
further research and method for research.